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Chapter 2, Verse 17

अविनाशि तु तद्विद्धि येन सर्वमिदं ततम्। विनाशमव्ययस्यास्य न कश्चित् कर्तुमर्हति।।

avināśi tu tad viddhi yena sarvam idaṃ tatam, vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati

Word by word

avināśi
indestructible
tu tat viddhi
know that indeed
yena
by which
sarvam idam tatam
all this is pervaded
vināśam
destruction
avyayasya asya
of this imperishable one
na kaścit
no one
kartum arhati
is able to do

Commentary

Unlike the unreal, That -- you must understand -- does not vanish; That, the Brahman, the 'Sat', the Real, by which all this world is pervaded, just as pots and other objects are pervaded by the akasa or space. Brahman does not undergo increase or diminution and is therefore inexhaustible. This Brahman is not exhausted in Itself; for, unlike the body, It has no parts. Nor does It diminish by loss of anything belonging to It; for nothing belongs to the Self. Wherefore, nobody can bring about the disappearance or destruction of the inexhaustible Brahman. Nobody -- not even the Isvara, the Supreme Lord -- can destroy the Self. For, the Self is Brahman Itself and one cannot act upon oneself.

Source: Alladi Mahadeva Sastri, The Bhagavad-Gita with the Commentary of Sri Shankaracharya (1897), public domain

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Sanskrit (in order)

  1. avināśi
  2. tu tat viddhi
  3. yena
  4. sarvam idam tatam
  5. vināśam
  6. avyayasya asya
  7. na kaścit
  8. kartum arhati

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